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Modeling air pollutant emissions in the provincial level road transportation sector in Korea: A case study of the zero-emission vehicle subsidyoa mark
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Publication Year
2020-08-01
Journal
Energies
Publisher
MDPI AG
Citation
Energies, Vol.13 No.15
Keyword
Air quality improvementFine particulate matterIntegrated assessment modelSubsidy policyZero-emission vehicles
Mesh Keyword
Air pollutant emissionIntegrated assessment modelsInternal combustion engine vehiclesLight duty vehiclesMitigation policiesRoad transportationSeoul metropolitan areaZero emission vehicles
All Science Classification Codes (ASJC)
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the EnvironmentBuilding and ConstructionFuel TechnologyEngineering (miscellaneous)Energy Engineering and Power TechnologyEnergy (miscellaneous)Control and OptimizationElectrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract
South Korea has been suffering from high PM2.5 pollution. Previous studies have contributed to establishing PM2.5 mitigation policies but have not considered provincial features and sector-interactions. In that sense, the integrated assessment model (IAM) could complement the shortcomings of previous studies. IAM, capable of analyzing PM2.5 pollution levels at the provincial level in Korea, however, has not been developed yet. Hence, this study (i) expands on IAM which can represent provincial-level spatial resolution in Korea (GCAM-Korea) with air pollutant emissions modeling which focuses on the road transportation sector and (ii) examines the zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) subsidy policy's effects on PM2.5 mitigation using the expanded GCAM-Korea. Simulation results show that PM2.5 emissions decrease by 0.6-4.1% compared to the baseline, and the Seoul metropolitan area contributes 38-44% to the overall PM2.5 emission reductions. As the ZEVs subsidy is weighted towards the light-duty vehicle 4-wheels (LDV4W) sector, various spillover effects are found: ZEVs' share rises intensively in the LDV4W sector leading to an increase in its service costs, and at the same time, driving bus service costs to become relatively cheaper. This, in turn, drives an increase in bus service demand and emissions discharge. Furthermore, this type of impact of the ZEVs subsidy policy does not reduce internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in freight trucks, although diesel freight trucks are a major contributor to PM2.5 emissions and also to NOx. South Korea has been suffering from high PM2.5 pollution. Previous studies have contributed to establishing PM2.5 mitigation policies but have not considered provincial features and sector-interactions. In that sense, the integrated assessment model (IAM) could complement the shortcomings of previous studies. IAM, capable of analyzing PM2.5 pollution levels at the provincial level in Korea, however, has not been developed yet. Hence, this study (i) expands on IAM which can represent provincial-level spatial resolution in Korea (GCAM-Korea) with air pollutant emissions modeling which focuses on the road transportation sector and (ii) examines the zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) subsidy policy's effects on PM2.5 mitigation using the expanded GCAM-Korea. Simulation results show that PM2.5 emissions decrease by 0.6-4.1% compared to the baseline, and the Seoul metropolitan area contributes 38-44% to the overall PM2.5 emission reductions. As the ZEVs subsidy is weighted towards the light-duty vehicle 4-wheels (LDV4W) sector, various spillover effects are found: ZEVs' share rises intensively in the LDV4W sector leading to an increase in its service costs, and at the same time, driving bus service costs to become relatively cheaper. This, in turn, drives an increase in bus service demand and emissions discharge. Furthermore, this type of impact of the ZEVs subsidy policy does not reduce internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in freight trucks, although diesel freight trucks are a major contributor to PM2.5 emissions and also to NOx.
ISSN
1996-1073
Language
eng
URI
https://aurora.ajou.ac.kr/handle/2018.oak/31501
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85090036138&origin=inward
DOI
https://doi.org/2-s2.0-85090036138
Journal URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/15/3999
Type
Article
Funding
This work was supported by the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2017M1A2A2081253), and the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as Graduate School specialized in Climate Change.
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Kim, Soontae 김순태
Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering
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