Chemical doping is an efficient method to tailor the electrical properties of graphene transparent conductive electrodes. In general, chemically doped graphene by single-side exhibits a drawback of high conductivity but inferior uniformity and stability after exposure to chemical solvent or annealing process. Here, we report a highly uniform and stable graphene transparent conducting electrodes doped by dual-side with macro- and small molecular organic dopants such as Nafion on the top and benzimidazole (BI) at the bottom. The electrical properties, optical properties, and stability were compared depending on the top-side dopants. Dual-side doping showed a higher work function (>5 eV), and a uniform low sheet resistance (less than 200 Ω sq−1) compared to the single-side doping. The Dual-N exhibited a relatively higher figure of merit (FoM, σDC/σop ∼ 62.38), a smoother surface (Rrms ∼ 0.54 nm), and a superior thermal/chemical stability than the Dual-A, showing the potential possibility as alternative electrodes for next-generation flexible electronic devices.
G.Y. Jung was partially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) [NRF- 2022R1A2B5B01002038 ]. S. Bae was financially supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Institutional Program, the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy of Korea ( 20011317 ), and the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant [ CRC-20-01-NFRI ].