Cellular homeostasis in eukaryotic cells requires synchronized coordination of multiple organelles. A key role in this stage is played by mitochondria, which have recently emerged as highly interconnected and multifunctional hubs that process and coordinate diverse cellular functions. Beyond producing ATP, mitochondria generate key metabolites and are central to apoptotic and metabolic signaling pathways. Because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome, the biogenesis of new mitochondria and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and flexibility critically depend upon effective mitonuclear communication. This review addresses the complex network of signaling molecules and pathways allowing mitochondria-nuclear communication and coordinated regulation of their independent but interconnected genomes, and discusses the extent to which dynamic communication between the two organelles has evolved for mutual benefit and for the overall maintenance of cellular and organismal fitness.
We are grateful to members of the Perissi and Lee labs for discussions and feedbacks. This work is funded by NIH R01GM127625 to VP, NIH R01AG052258 to CL, KGCRF to MDC, NIH 5T32GM008541 to JE, and an AFAR fellowship to JMS.We are grateful to members of the Perissi and Lee labs for discussions and feedbacks. This work is funded by NIHR01GM127625 to VP, NIHR01AG052258 to CL, KGCRF to MDC, NIH5T32GM008541 to JE, and an AFAR fellowship to JMS.
