Guidelines for the Design of Solid CO2 Adsorbents for Mobile Carbon Capture in Heavy-Duty Vehicles: A Review

Abstract

The transportation sector is the largest contributor to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, largely due to heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) that inevitably rely on internal combustion engines. Electrifi cation is a promising technology for decarbonizing light-duty vehicles but it is diffi cult to apply to HDVs with long driving ranges and signifi cant weights. One possible solution is a mobile carbon capture (MCC) system that adapts onboard CO 2 capture and storage to the HDV. Although conceptual designs have been presented for MCC systems that use adsorbents and temperature-swing adsorption (TSA), the development of the adsorbent-based MCC remains in its infancy. Since adsorbents play a critical role in determining the overall weight, volume, and energy consumption of the MCC, the development of a high performance adsorbent is a key factor in the successful MCC design. In this review, we aim to provide guidelines for the design of CO 2 adsorbents for MCC in HDVs. First, we briefl y introduce the adsorbent selection criteria for TSA in MCC, including the CO 2 working capacity, purity, stability, and regeneration energy. Then, we summarize recent progress in the development of adsorbents tested under MCC-relevant conditions. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of MCC are discussed.