Zinc transporters and zinc signaling in skin formation and diseases

Abstract

The skin is the first body region to manifest zinc deficiency. Recent studies have revealed that the zinc transporters, especially zinc importers belonging to the Zrt- Irt-like (ZIP) family, play crucial roles in skin homeostasis. Fourteen ZIP members have been identified in humans, with at least 6 members being related to skin development and maintenance. ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP4, and ZIP10 are associated with epidermal morphogenesis and disorders, whereas ZIP7 and ZIP13 are essential for dermis formation and collagen metabolism. Mouse models in combination with clinical data have shown the molecular pathogenic mechanisms involving ZIP members. Although other family members have not been well studied with respect to their role in the skin, their direct or indirect associations are also considerable and they are believed to be drug targets for skin diseases. Therefore, precise analysis and understanding of ZIP family members are indispensable for the care and treatment of skin disorders.