조성을, 김성태 남궁호 2015-02 18965 https://aurora.ajou.ac.kr/handle/2018.oak/12884 학위논문(석사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :사학과,2015. 2 통일신라 무기는 고고학적 발굴성과를 통해서 많은 수가 확인되었다. 그러 나 이에 대한 연구는 전문한 실정이다. 그러므로 통일신라 무기에 대한 자료를 종합하여 연구를 진행함으로서 통일신라 무기에 대한 기초적인 현황을 파악하 고 특성을 도출하고자 한다. 통일신라 공격용 무기에 대한 실물자료, 사생자료, 문헌자료를 파악하였으 며, 이를 종합하여 통일신라 공격용 무기에 대한 전체적인 현황을 파악하였다. 결과 통일신라 공격용 무기는 14종이 확인되었으며, 이전 시기에서는 확인되지 않았던 새로운 공격용 무기가 확인되었다. 그리고 이를 단병기, 장병기, 원사병 기로 일차로 분류하였다. 그리고 각 개별 무기별로 형식을 분류하였으며, 실물 자료, 사생자료, 문헌자료를 종합하여 특성을 도출하였다. 통일신라 공격용 무기의 특성을 삼국시대와 고려시대와의 비교∙검토를 통해 서 변화상을 확인하였으며, 단병기, 장병기, 원사병기로 나누어서 진행하였다. 단병기는 복합형 도의 출현, 타격형 무기의 도입, 무기형 철겸과 부의 등장이 다. 장병기는 소형화, 단순화되며, 걸어 당기는 무기의 증가와 의례전용 무기의 유입과 생산이다. 원사병기는 노의 사용 증대와 개량이 이루어진다. 통일신라 공격용 무기의 변화는 역사적 의의를 가지는 데 첫 번째로는 무기 의 대량생산이다. 이는 전쟁의 증가라는 시대적인 상황이 반영된 것이며, 또한 무기의 생산에 국가주도의 관리체계를 보여주는 것이다. 두 번째는 노의 사용 이다. 이는 이전까지의 전쟁이 사람과 사람간의 충돌이었다면, 통일신라 대에는 노를 필두로 한 기계식 무기가 전쟁에서 본격적으로 사용된다. 세 번째는 중국 무기의 도입이다. 통일신라에서는 중국의 무기가 도입되어서 사용되었는데, 이 는 대기병전용 무기와 타격형 무기로 요약할 수 있는데, 이러한 무기는 당나라 에서 실전의 효용성을 검증한 무기였다. 그리고 양국의 군사적 협력체계속에서 빠르게 유입된다. 실전용 무기이외에도 의례용 무기도 도입되었던 점을 확인할 수 있는데, 이 - viii - 는 양국 간의 무기를 매개로 한 교류의 활성을 보여주는 예이다. 마지막으로 병종의 분화와 병법의 도입이다. 통일신라에서는 중국의 무기가 도입되면서 종류가 증가하고, 이러한 영향으로 장창당, 노당, 개지극당 같은 특 정무기에 전문화된 병사가 출현하며, 이는 병종의 분화를 의미한다. 병종이 분화되면서 전쟁의 양상은 병종간의 긴밀한 협동체계를 필요로 하였 으며, 이는 병법이라는 전략∙전술의 도입이라는 결과를 가져왔다. 통일신라 공격용 무기는 변화상에 있어서 역사적 사건과 시대적 변화를 내포 하고 있으며, 이는 중요한 무기사적 의미를 가진다. 주제어 : 통일신라, 무기연구, 공격용 무기, 남한지역 Ⅰ. 서 론·········································································································································· 1 1. 연구사 검토 ····························································································································· 2 2. 연구목적 및 방법 ················································································································· 4 Ⅱ. 자료 현황 ···························································································································· 6 1. 실물자료 ································································································································· 6 1) 궁궐 ········································································································································· 8 2) 관방유적 ······························································································································· 10 3) 취락 ······································································································································· 23 4) 사지 ······································································································································· 31 5) 분묘 및 기타 ····················································································································· 33 6) 출토 무기류 정리 ··············································································································· 34 2. 사생자료 ································································································································· 42 3. 문헌자료 ··································································································································· 44 Ⅲ. 형식분류 및 자료 분석 ································································································ 46 1. 공격용 무기의 분류 ······································································································· 46 2. 형식 분류 및 자료 분석 ····································································································· 48 1) 단병기 ··································································································································· 48 2) 장병기 ··································································································································· 79 3) 원사병기 ···························································································································· 101 Ⅳ. 통일신라 무기사적 의의 ··························································································· 124 1. 시기적 변화 검토 - 삼국시대 및 고려시대 무기와의 비교 ····································· 124 1) 단병기의 비교 ················································································································ 124 2) 장병기의 비교 ················································································································ 127 3) 원사병기의 비교 ············································································································ 130 - ii - 2. 통일신라 무기사적 의미 검토 ························································································· 132 1) 무기의 대량생산 ·············································································································· 132 2) 노의 발전 ·························································································································· 133 3) 중국 무기의 도입 ············································································································ 134 4) 병종의 분화와 당병법의 도입 ······················································································ 135 Ⅴ. 맺음말 ································································································································· 137 참고문헌 ····································································································································· 141 Abstract ······································································································································· 147 부 록 ······································································································································· 149 kor The Graduate School, Ajou University 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다. 통일신라무기연구 Thesis 아주대학교 일반대학원 일반대학원 사학과 2015. 2 Master http://dcoll.ajou.ac.kr:9080/dcollection/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000018965 통일신라 무기연구 공격용 무기 남한지역