Long-lived photoinduced conductance changes in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterostructures enable their use in optoelectronic memory applications. However, it remains challenging to quench the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) instantly and reproducibly, which limits the reversible optoelectronic switching. Herein, we demonstrate a reversible photomodulation of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in LAO/STO heterostructures with high reproducibility. By irradiating UV pulses, the 2DEG at the LAO/STO interface is gradually transformed to the PPC state. Notably, the PPC can be completely removed by water treatment when two key requirements are met: (1) the moderate oxygen deficiency in STO and (2) the minimal band edge fluctuation at the interface. Through our X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical noise analysis, we reveal that the reproducible change in the conductivity of 2DEG is directly attributed to the surface-driven electron relaxation in the STO. Our results provide a stepping-stone toward developing optically tunable memristive devices based on oxide 2DEG systems.
This work is supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2021R1C1C1011219 and No. 2021R1A4A1032085). KE acknowledges the support by National Research Foundation of Korea through the Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2022R1C1C2010693). SK acknowledges support from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043435).
