γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) plays a role in cleaving the γ-glutamyl bond of glutathione. The GGT is known to be overexpressed in some tumors and has been recognized as a potential biomarker for malignant tumors. Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide; however, there is no quantitative method for detecting cancer cells in human colon tissues. In this study, we report a ratiometric two-photon probe for GGT that can be applied in human colon tissues. The probe (Probe 2) showed high fluorescence efficiency, marked fluorescence changes, excellent kinetics, and selectivity for the GGT in live colon cells. Additionally, we obtained ratiometric two-photon microscopy images of GGT activity in human colon tissue. We used this method to compare normal and cancer tissues based on their ratio values; the ratio value was higher in cancer tissue than in normal tissue. This study provides a method for quantitative analysis of GGT, particularly in human colon cancer, which will be useful for studying GGT-related diseases and diagnosing colon cancer.
This study was supported by grants from the National Leading Research Lab Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Korean government (MSIP; No. 2016R1E1A1A02920873), Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders (NRF-2019R1A5A2026045), GRRC program of Gyeonggi province (GRRC AJOU 2018B02, Photonics-Medical Convergence Technology Research Center), and Ajou University research fund.
