Optimal Powder Deposition Process to Develop a New Direct-Write Additive Manufacturing System

Abstract

In functionally graded materials (FGM), material property gradually changes within a product. To manufacture FGM by additive manufacturing (AM) using polymer powders, precise deposition of different powder materials is crucial. The powder deposition, however, is challenging, because process control and material choices are complicated. This paper presents a newly developed laser-based AM system using the direct deposit of poly-lactic acid powders on the target surface. This direct-writing AM system can facilitate material change even within a layer for superior material property variation. This study characterizes the optimal process conditions for deposition consistency by statistical methods. This study also identifies suitable statistical models by examining the model characteristics such as lack-of-fit and curvature. In addition, this study finds an appropriate statistical method to handle process abnormality such as no powder flow. Through these analyses, this study characterizes the optimal combination of process conditions and material choices for stable powder deposition, and verifies the best conditions for the new AM system. This study will help develop a new AM system with the optimal deposition for each material composition to produce novel material structure for FGM.