Natural progression of radiographic indices in juvenile hallux valgus deformity

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to estimate the annual change in radiographic indices for juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) and to analyze the factors that influence deformity progression. Methods: Patients aged <15 years who had JHV and were followed up for at least 1 year were included. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), hallux interphalangeal angle, intermetatarsal angle, metatarsus adductus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle were evaluated. The progression rate of HVA was adjusted by multiple factors by using a linear mixed model. Results: A total of 133 feet were included. The HVA and distal metatarsal articular angle both increased by 0.8° per year (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). HVA increased by 1.5° per year (p < 0.001) at under the age of 10, and the HVA progression in the older patients was not statistically significant. Conclusions: JHV deformity could progress with aging. Most deformity progression could occur before the age of 10 years.