학위논문(석사)--Graduate School of International Studies Ajou University :융합에너지학과,2022. 2
Alternative Abstract
Rapid urbanization, limitation of services and increasing of municipal solid waste generation per capital in present time is a huge challenge for Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. The population is expected to reaches more than 7 million in 2030. With increasing demand of energy and global issue of pollution due to solid waste, the idea of energy from waste is attracting the attention of nations. Energy recovery either electricity or heat from waste has a dual advantage, in recovering energy and direct and indirect reduction of emission.
In Addis Ababa city solid waste generation in 2019 reached 1400 tons/day with 0.45 kg/day/person the projection shows in 2040 it will reaches 0.99 kg/day/person. According to growth and transformation plan of Ethiopia, in the coming 30 years, Ethiopia will reach upper middle-income country. This growth projection shows waste generation rate and composition dynamically variable due to economic gain.
Thus, in this thesis Addis Ababa city municipal solid waste generation projection estimated for the coming 30 years according to the population and income level projection. Waste collection and its composition is considered in the growth of the country.
This research is a descriptive-cross sectional study in which Landfill Gas Emission Model software was used to estimate the methane rate produced at Sendafa landfill. Landfill Gas Emission Model uses First Order Decay equation to estimate recovery potential of methane gas from solid waste. Country specific and research area related model input parameters are applied in the analysis. Maximum methane gas recovery will reach 3.68E+11 m3/year in 2051.
Projection of electricity recovery and its cost of generation from landfill gas estimated using Landfill Gas Cost spreadsheet tool. Addis Ababa city have potential of generating 128MW of electricity from methane gas in 2025 with generating cost of 0.03$/kWh. This study gives long term projection on potential for energy recovery from solid waste and its impact on the present and future energy system of Addis Ababa city.
