By comparing South Koreans with Australians, we have attempted to (a) investigate gender and cultural differences in explicit and implicit attitudes towards risk and choices regarding risk at both the individual and group levels and (b) show the predictive and incremental capability of a newly developed implicit measure of risk on a behavioral outcome. The results show that when asked individually (a) South Korean males indicated a stronger risk-preference on the explicit, self-reported measure when compared to their female counterparts and (b) Australians consistently showed a stronger risk-preference than South Koreans across both males and females on the identical self-reported measure. Through hypothetical choice dilemma items for assessing choices regarding risk, the choices of South Koreans were facilitated when they were placed in a group decision-making situation than when they were asked alone, regardless of gender composition, which is a different pattern from that observed in the Australian sample which exhibited the group-facilitation effect among only males. The incremental validity of the implicit risk-taking measure was supported. The implications for gender and cultural differences in attitudes towards risk and the utility of the implicit measure of risk are discussed.
