Extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to provide instructive things to cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation ultimately tissue regeneration. Decellularized ECM scaffolds are rapidly expanding for regenerative medicine approaches. In this study, cartilage cellular matrix (CAM) biomaterial has been developed to fabricate of scaffolds. CAM provides adequate 3D support for the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes. Despite these important advantages in the tissue regeneration, CAM unable to precisely control pore size, interconnectivity and pore geometry in the scaffold because conventional protocols such as salt leaching, solvent casting, gas forming and freeze drying was used for manufacturing scaffolds. As an alternative to the scaffold fabrication method, 3D printing has recently been introduced in the field of tissue engineering. 3D printing could better control the internal microstructure and external appearance based on the computer-assisted delivery process. Hence, 3D printing technology is rapidly expanding for tissue engineering. However, ECM has to overcome some limitations, weak mechanical property, and rapid degradation for stable 3D structure stratification. Hence, we chose the silk fibroin to support the printing of CAM because silk fibroin can be crosslinked by physical stimulation as well as can be controlled viscosity easily. This study developed the hybrid printable composite for 3D printing with CAM and silk fibroin. The novel hybrid composite was printed by porous structure and evaluated the regenerative ability and printability for tissue regeneration.
